Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom - Mandela in the Courtroom -

Mandela’s trial

• What risk did Nelson Mandela take in
making this speech? Why do you think he still made it?

• What evidence does he present to
justify moving from a strategy of non-violence to one of violence?

What conditions does he say black
Africans want from the South African government?

• How effective was Nelson Mandela as a
leader ?

TS3 : Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom - Rushing the Train

Mandela : Long Walk to Freedom - Mandela Speaking to Youth Group - The W...

“Mandela Speaking to Youth Group/Rushing the train »

• Do you believe the anti-apartheid resistance movement had any other option other than the one they took? Explain your answer.

• Would you classify members of the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa as freedom fighters or criminals?Explain

• Do you think the South Africa government was justified in its reaction to the MK organization? Explain your answer.

Oppose Winnie Mandela to Nelson Mandela : the evolution of their political
involvement.
"
Some of the things so far told to the court are true and some are untrue. I do not, however, deny that I planned sabotage. I did not plan it in a spirit of recklessness, nor because I have any love of violence. I planned it as a result of a calm and sober assessment of the political situation that had arisen after many years of tyranny, exploitation, and oppression of my people by the whites.
I admit immediately that I was one of the persons who helped to form Umkhonto we Sizwe. I deny that Umkhonto was responsible for a number of acts which clearly fell outside the policy of the organisation, and which have been charged in the indictment against us. I, and the others who started the organisation, felt that without violence there would be no way open to the African people to succeed in their struggle against the principle of white supremacy. All lawful modes of expressing opposition to this principle had been closed by legislation, and we were placed in a position in which we had either to accept a permanent state of inferiority, or to defy the government. We chose to defy the law.
We first broke the law in a way which avoided any recourse to violence; when this form was legislated against, and then the government resorted to a show of force to crush opposition to its policies, only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. " (Mandela's speech at his trial for sabotage in 1963)

TS3 :Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom - Rally at Sophiatown -

« Rally at Sophia Town »  

• Summarize Nelson Mandela’s message as he talks to the crowd.

• What evidence does he cite to support his claim that the apartheid system is unfair? What examples does he take ?

• In his speech to the crowd, Nelson Mandela decries the fact that black South Africans don’t have the right to vote.
Explain how important the right to vote is, particularly under these circumstances. 

" 
In 1960 the government held a referendum which led to the establishment of the republic. Africans, who constituted approximately 70% of the population, were not entitled to vote, and were not even consulted. I undertook to be responsible for organising the national stay-at-home called to coincide with the declaration of the republic. As all strikes by Africans are illegal, the person organising such a strike must avoid arrest. I had to leave my home and family and my practice and go into hiding to avoid arrest. The stay-at-home was to be a peaceful demonstration. Careful instructions were given to avoid any recourse to violence. (...)
The lack of human dignity experienced by Africans is the direct result of the policy of white supremacy. White supremacy implies black inferiority. Legislation designed to preserve white supremacy entrenches this notion. Menial tasks in South Africa are invariably performed by Africans.

When anything has to be carried or cleaned the white man will look around for an African to do it for him, whether the African is employed by him or not. Because of this sort of attitude, whites tend to regard Africans as a separate breed. They do not look upon them as people with families of their own; they do not realise that they have emotions - that they fall in love like white people do; that they want to be with their wives and children like white people want to be with theirs; that they want to earn enough money to support their families properly, to feed and clothe them and send them to school. And what "house-boy" or "garden-boy" or labourer can ever hope to do this?
Pass laws render any African liable to police surveillance at any time. I doubt whether there is a single African male in South Africa who has not had a brush with the police over his pass. Hundreds and thousands of Africans are thrown into jail each year under pass laws. " (Mandela's speech in 1963 )
 

TS3 :Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom - Mandela as a Lawyer

Mandela as a lawyer/ In the courtroom

A°What seems to be Mrs. De Kok’s attitude as Nelson Mandela first questions her on the witness stand?

• What would you say is her level of respect for Mr. Mandela?

• Why do you think she felt “so insulted” at the line of Mandela’s questioning?

B°More generally what seems to be the overall goals of the apartheid laws?

• What fundamental human rights were violated by these laws?

What is apartheid and what impact did it have on South Africans?(See Mandela's speech at his own trial in 1963)

A la mémoire de Gwenaelle Le Berre, professeur d'espagnol

Kenavo Gwenn, tu resteras toujours dans nos coeurs pour ton incomparable gentillesse , et ton magnifique sourire quelques soient les circonstances. Tes collègues et élèves du lycée Prévert ne t'oublieront jamais.

AM2 :G1 World: The Buses of Bogotá - nytimes.com/video